Abstract Objective Laparoscopic colectomy has gained acceptance as a standard treatment for benign and malignant colorectal disease, such as diverticular disease and cancer, among others. Same as in open surgery, the laparoscopic approach carries a low risk of small bowel obstruction in the postoperative period, but in laparoscopic surgery, internal hernia after laparoscopic left colectomy may be a cause of small bowel obstruction with a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. This rare complication may be prevented with routine closure of the mesenteric defects created during the colectomy. Methods We present four cases of internal herniation after laparoscopic colectomy. Two cases were after laparoscopic left colectomy and two after laparoscopic low anterior resection. All four cases had full splenic flexure mobilization. Routine closure of the mesenteric defect was not performed in the initial surgery. Results The four patients were treated by laparoscopic reintervention with closure of the mesenteric defect. In two of them, conversion to open surgery was necessary. One of the patients developed recurrent internal herniation after surgical reintervention with mesenteric closure of the defect. All patients were managed without need for bowel resection, and mortality rate was 0%. Conclusion Internal herniation after laparoscopic colorectal surgery is a highly morbid complication that requires prompt diagnosis and management and should be suspected in the early postoperative period. Additional studies with extended follow-up are required to establish recommendations regarding its prevention and management.

RESUMO A exenteração pélvica mostrou-se benéfica, tanto terapêutica quanto paliativamente, em casos de câncer colorretal localmente avançado. A reconstrução do trânsito urinário após uma cistectomia sempre foi desafiadora, com muitas complicações associadas. Os autores apresentam o caso de um homem de 58 anos de idade com câncer retal localmente avançado, submetido a uma exenteração pélvica e uma colostomia úmida em dupla-boca (CUDB) para reconstituição urinária. Os autores apresentam a técnica cirúrgica da CUDB, uma boa alternativa para outras reconstruções urinárias, já que a derivação fecal e urinária ocorre em apenas um estoma, a saída do estoma é mais fácil de gerenciar e o método apresenta menos complicações em comparação com outras reconstruções urinárias. A vigilância a longo prazo é obrigatória em pacientes com CUDB, pois há um risco aumentado de neoplasia no reservatório.

ABSTRACT Pelvic exenteration has showed to be beneficial therapeutically and palliatively in locally advanced colorectal cancer. Reconstruction of urinary transit posterior to a cystectomy has always been challenging with many associated complications. We present a 58-year-old male with locally advanced rectal cancer in which a pelvic exenteration and a double-barreled wet colostomy (DBWC) was created for urinary reconstitution. We present the surgical technique of DBWC. DBWC is a good alternative to other urinary reconstructions because fecal and urinary derivation occurs in only one stoma, the stoma output is easier to manage, and fewer complications are seen compared to other urinary reconstructions. Long-term surveillance is mandatory in patients with a DBWC because there is an increased risk of neoplasm in the reservoir.

Abstract: The gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes are characterized by the presence of multiple polyps in the digestive tract, affecting the colon and rectum in the most cases. Recognized family syndromes represent around 5% of colorectal cancers, the most common being familial adenomatose polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndrome). They are a group of diseases of low incidence with very varied characteristics, which require a correct individualization for their most appropriate treatment. Within the genetic syndromes, there are presentations with typical molecular variations that typecast the most frequent groups, however there is the possibility that these syndromes present genetic similarities whose predominance will determine the evolution and presentation of the disease.

Resumen: Los síndromes de poliposis gastrointestinales se caracterizan por la presencia de múltiples pólipos en el tubo digestivo que afectan preferentemente el colon y recto. Representan alrededor de 5% de los tipos de cáncer colorrectal, siendo los más comunes la poliposis adenomatosa familiar y el cáncer de colon no polipósico hereditario (síndrome de Lynch). Son un grupo de enfermedades de escasa incidencia con características muy variadas que precisan una correcta individualización para su tratamiento más adecuado. Dentro de los síndromes genéticos hay presentaciones con variaciones moleculares típicas que encasillan a los grupos más frecuentes; sin embargo, existe la posibilidad de que dichos síndromes muestren similitudes genéticas cuya predominancia determine la evolución y presentación de la enfermedad.